World Asthma Day: Raising Awareness about Asthma and Its Long-Term Impact

As World Asthma Day approaches, it’s time to talk about the condition that affects more than 262 million people globally, and yet it remains largely misunderstood and underestimated in its impact. Asthma isn’t just about occasional breathing difficulties; it’s a chronic respiratory condition that can significantly affect daily life, limit physical activities, and have long-term health challenges for those affected. In this blog, we’ll explore the fundamentals of asthma, examine its profound long-term effects and provide practical resources to better understand and manage this widespread respiratory challenge. But before we delve into all that, let’s start with understanding what World Asthma Day is all about.

History of World Asthma Day

World Asthma Day is an annual event organised by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) to raise awareness and improve care for asthma worldwide. The inaugural World Asthma Day took place in 1998, coinciding with the first World Asthma Meeting held in Barcelona, Spain. This initial event saw participation from over 35 countries, marking a significant step in global asthma awareness efforts. Since then, World Asthma Day has been observed on the first Tuesday of May each year, growing into one of the most important events dedicated to asthma education and awareness.

Theme for World Asthma Day 2025

For 2025, GINA has announced the theme: “Make Inhaled Treatments Accessible for ALL.” This theme underscores the critical need to ensure that individuals with asthma have access to essential inhaled medications, which are vital for both controlling the underlying disease and managing acute attacks. GINA emphasises that such accessibility can significantly reduce the distress caused by asthma attacks, decrease hospital admissions, and prevent fatalities associated with the condition.

What is Asthma?

Asthma is a long-term condition that affects the airways in the lungs. People with asthma have sensitive airways that can become inflamed and narrow, making it harder to breathe. This can lead to symptoms like coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and a feeling of tightness in the chest.

Asthma can affect both children and adults. In many cases, it can be managed well with the right treatment and lifestyle adjustments. However, when not controlled properly, it may cause frequent flare-ups and make daily activities more difficult.

The severity of asthma varies from person to person. Some people may only have mild symptoms occasionally, while others might need regular treatment to keep it under control. With the right support and awareness, most people with asthma can lead active, healthy lives.

What are the Common Symptoms of Asthma?

Asthma symptoms can vary from person to person, but there are a few common signs to look out for. These may appear daily or only during certain times, such as after exercise or during the night.

Typical asthma symptoms include:

• Wheezing – a whistling sound when breathing, especially on exhaling
• Shortness of breath – feeling like it’s difficult to catch your breath
• Coughing – often worse at night or early in the morning
• Chest tightness – a feeling of pressure or heaviness in the chest
• Difficulty sleeping – due to breathing problems at night

Some people may only notice symptoms occasionally, while others may experience them more frequently. It’s important to pay attention to any pattern in your symptoms, especially if they get worse with physical activity, exposure to allergens, or during cold weather.

What Triggers Asthma?

Asthma symptoms can worsen when a person is exposed to certain triggers. These triggers cause the airways to become inflamed and narrow, which can lead to coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, or chest tightness. Not everyone reacts to the same triggers, so understanding what affects you personally is important for managing the condition.

Common triggers include:

• Allergens: These may include pollen from grass or trees, house dust mites, pet dander, mould spores, or droppings from cockroaches. They can be present both indoors and outdoors and may cause year-round or seasonal symptoms.
• Airborne irritants: Tobacco smoke, vehicle emissions, paint fumes, strong perfumes, or harsh cleaning products can irritate the lungs and trigger asthma symptoms.
• Respiratory infections: Colds, flu, and other viral infections are known to aggravate asthma, especially in children and older adults.
• Exercise: Physical activity, particularly in cold or dry air, can lead to symptoms during or after exercise. This is sometimes referred to as exercise-induced asthma.
• Weather changes: Sudden drops in temperature, cold winds, humid conditions, or changes in air pressure can act as triggers.
• Emotions and stress: Strong feelings such as anxiety, laughter, or stress can cause breathing patterns to change, leading to asthma flare-ups in some individuals.
• Medications: Some people may react to medicines like aspirin, ibuprofen, or certain beta-blockers, which can make asthma symptoms worse.
• Food additives and allergies: Sulphites found in processed foods and drinks, along with certain food allergies, can also trigger symptoms in some cases.

Recognising your asthma triggers and taking steps to avoid or reduce exposure to them can make a big difference in how well your condition is controlled.

How can Asthma be Managed?

Asthma management focuses on keeping symptoms under control, preventing flare-ups, and helping individuals maintain a good quality of life. Although asthma cannot be cured, it can usually be managed effectively with the right combination of treatment, monitoring, and lifestyle adjustments.

Key aspects of asthma management include:

• Medication: Most people with asthma are prescribed two types of inhalers — a reliever inhaler, used when symptoms appear, and a preventer inhaler, taken daily to reduce inflammation and lower the risk of flare-ups. Some may need long-term control medicines or combination inhalers, especially if symptoms are more persistent.
• Avoiding triggers: Knowing what brings on your symptoms is vital. Triggers may include pollen, dust mites, mould, cold air, exercise, smoke, or strong smells. Avoiding or minimising exposure to these triggers can help keep symptoms under control.
• Asthma action plan: Your doctor may help to create a personalised plan that outlines how to handle worsening symptoms. Having a written plan makes it easier to manage your condition, especially during seasonal changes or illness.
• Routine check-ups: Regular reviews with a doctor or asthma nurse help track your progress and make any necessary changes to your treatment. These check-ups are important, even if your symptoms seem under control.
• Monitoring symptoms: Using a peak flow meter at home can help you keep track of how well your lungs are working. A drop in your peak flow readings may signal the start of a flare-up, even before symptoms worsen.
• General wellbeing: Staying physically active, maintaining a healthy weight, managing stress, and avoiding smoking are all important parts of long-term asthma control. Annual flu jabs and other relevant vaccinations are also recommended.

By staying consistent with treatment and being aware of early warning signs, most people with asthma can lead active, healthy lives.

Read More: Pulmonary Oedema: All You Need to Know

What Is the Long-Term Impact of Asthma?

When well controlled, asthma often causes few long-term problems. However, if symptoms are not properly managed, the condition can lead to lasting effects on overall health and quality of life.

One of the main concerns is inflammation of the airways, which may cause them to become permanently narrowed over time. This is known as airway remodelling and can make breathing more difficult in the long run. People with poorly controlled asthma may also experience frequent flare-ups, hospital visits, and reduced lung function.

Long-term asthma can affect daily activities, work, sleep, and exercise. Constant symptoms or fear of an attack may lead to stress, anxiety, or social withdrawal — especially in children and teenagers.

In rare cases, severe asthma that doesn’t respond well to treatment can increase the risk of serious complications, including repeated lung infections or respiratory failure.

Read More: Understanding Bronchiolitis: A Complete Guide for Parents

Taking the Message Forward on World Asthma Day

Taking the message forward on World Asthma Day means not only raising awareness but also turning that awareness into action — by learning more about the condition, encouraging others to recognise early symptoms, and supporting those living with asthma in seeking proper care. It’s a chance to talk openly about how asthma affects lives and to break the misconception that it’s a minor issue. If you or someone you know has been experiencing symptoms or struggling with frequent flare-ups, now is the time to act. Book a consultation with a respiratory specialist at Graphic Era Hospital and take a step towards better asthma management.